Quantum sampling problems, BosonSampling and quantum supremacy

@article{Lund2017QuantumSP,
  title={Quantum sampling problems, BosonSampling and quantum supremacy},
  author={Austin P. Lund and Michael J. Bremner and Timothy C. Ralph},
  journal={npj Quantum Information},
  year={2017},
  volume={3},
  url={https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:54628108}
}
This paper will review sampling problems and the arguments that have been used to deduce when sampling problems are hard for classical computers to simulate, and two classes of quantum sampling problems that demonstrate the supremacy of quantum algorithms are BosonSampling and Instantaneous Quantum Polynomial-time Sampling.

The hardness of random quantum circuits

It is proved that estimating the output probabilities of random quantum circuits is #P-hard for any classical computer, and the results suggest that there is an exponential hardness barrier for the approximate classical simulation of most quantum circuits.

Quantum supremacy and random circuits.

It is proved that estimating the output probabilities of random quantum circuits is formidably hard for any classical computer, implying that there is an exponential hardness barrier for the classical simulation of most quantum circuits.

The Classical Complexity of Boson Sampling

This work studies the classical complexity of the exact Boson Sampling problem where the objective is to produce provably correct random samples from a particular quantum mechanical distribution and gives an algorithm that is much faster, running in O(n 2^n + \operatorname{poly}(m,n)) time and additional space.

Boson Sampling with efficient scaling and efficient verification.

It is concluded that the most practically achievable pathway to scale Boson Sampling experiments with current technologies is by combining continuous-variables quantum information and temporal encoding.

Architectures for quantum simulation showing a quantum speedup

This work shows that benchmark settings exhibiting a quantum speedup may require little control in contrast to universal quantum computing, and proposes versatile and feasible schemes of two-dimensional dynamical quantum simulators showing such a quantumSpeedup.

Efficient classical simulation of noisy quantum computation

It is proved that under general conditions most of the quantum circuits at any constant level of noise per gate can be efficiently simulated classically with the cost increasing only polynomially with the size of the circuits.

Boson sampling with Gaussian input states: Toward efficient scaling and certification

A practically achievable pathway to scale Boson Sampling experiments by combining continuous-variable quantum information and temporal encoding is presented and the combination of switchable dual-homodyne and single-photon detections, the temporal loop technique, and scattershot-based Boson Sampling is proposed.

Sampling and the complexity of nature (Assessing, testing, and challenging the computational power of quantum devices)

The quantum sign problem is identified as a root of the computational intractability of quantum output probabilities and it turns out that the intricate structure of the probability distributions the sign problem gives rise to, prohibits their verification from few samples.

Power of quantum measurement in simulating unphysical operations

This work shows that using quantum measurement instead leads to lower simulation costs for general Hermitian-preserving maps and establishes the equality between the simulation cost and the well-known diamond norm, thus closing a previously known gap and assigning diamond norm a universal operational meaning for all Hermitian-preserving maps.

Continuous-Variables Boson Sampling: Scaling and Verification

A new pathway to scale Boson Sampling experiments by combining continuous-variables quantum information and temporal encoding is presented and the performance of the device can be verified with a number of measurement samples growing polynomially in the number of photons.
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Complexity-Theoretic Foundations of Quantum Supremacy Experiments

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Experimental boson sampling

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The purpose of this work is to investigate whether boson sampling can be used as a resource of decision and function problems that are computationally hard, and may thus have cryptographic applications.

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This work uses Quantum Fourier Sampling to construct a class of distributions that can be sampled by a quantum computer, and shows a general class of quantumly sampleable distributions each of which is based on an "Efficiently Specifiable" polynomial, for which a classical approximate sampler implies an average-case approximation.
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